منابع مشابه
IL 21 R ( interleukin 21 receptor )
The IL21R gene is comprised of 9 exons (+2 alternative first exons), spanning 48.4kb on chromosome 16p11 (Parrish-Novak, 2000). The human IL21R promoter region, contained within nucleotides -789 to +195 (relative to the start of exon 1a) induces the high levels of transcription in reporter assays (Ueda, 2002). A critical SP1 binding site is contained in the region from -80 to -20 and is essenti...
متن کاملIL-21/IL-21R in Autoimmune Diseases
Interleukin-21 (IL-21), the member of the γ-chain-related cytokine family, and its receptor (IL-21R), has been evidenced involving in the immune response, resulting in the development of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and tumors. This short communication reviews an overall outline of its genetic variants and expression in autoimmune diseases. It focuses on a series of recent studies t...
متن کاملIL-21 in cancer immunotherapy
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has been described as a potent stimulator of antitumor T-cell immunity, but also of autoimmune reactions and oncogenesis. Antigen presenting cells genetically modified to release IL-21 allow for the expansion of tumor-specific T cells exhibiting favorable effector and growth characteristics and a minimal risk of detrimental side effects.
متن کاملIL-21 and Sjögren's syndrome
Treatment of Sjögren's syndrome is almost entirely symptomatic. A lack of true understanding of the underlying immunological pathology of the disease prevents directed therapy. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is elevated in the serum of patients with this disease and is expressed by the lymphocytes infiltrating the salivary glands. The known functions of IL-21 in facilitating differentiation, proliferat...
متن کاملIL-21 Signaling in Immunity
IL-21 is a type I cytokine produced by T cells and natural killer T cells that has pleiotropic actions on a wide range of immune and non-immune cell types. Since its discovery in 2000, extensive studies on the biological actions of IL-21 have been performed in vitro and in vivo. Recent reports describing patients with primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations of IL21 or IL21R have further de...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Reviews Immunology
سال: 2010
ISSN: 1474-1733,1474-1741
DOI: 10.1038/nri2737